<p>Mikro Dereio  is a village and a community in the central part of the Evros regional unit in Greece. It is situated on the left bank of the river Erythropotamos, in the Eastern Rhodope Mountains. The border with Bulgaria is 5 km to the north. Mikro Dereio is on the Greek National Road 53. In 2011 its population was 158 for the settlement and 1,903 for the community, making it the most populous community of the municipal unit of Orfeas. The community consists of the villages Mikro Dereio, Geriko, Goniko, Mega Dereio, Petrolofos, Roussa and Sidirochori.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was founded by the Ottoman Turks in the 14th century, it was known as Malak Dervent (Малък Дервент) in Bulgarian. According to Anastas Razbojnikov, its 1830 population was 210 Bulgarian families/houses, 256 in 1878, 220 in 1912 of which 200 were Bulgarian exarchists. According to professor Lyubomir Miletich, the 1912 population was around 200 Bulgarian families. After a brief period of Bulgarian rule between 1913 and 1919, it became part of Greece.</p><br>
<h2>Person</h2><br>
<p>Angel Popkirov (Ангел Попкиров, 1881-1968), Bulgarian revolutionary leader, member of VMORO</p><br>
<p>The Varner–Hogg Plantation State Historic Site is a historic site operated by the Texas Historical Commission. The site was the home of former Governor of Texas James S. Hogg and his family. The site is located outside West Columbia, in Brazoria County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property was originally the home of Martin Varner, one of the Old Three Hundred and a veteran of the Texas Revolution. Varner raised corn, cattle and sugar cane on the land, and had at least two slaves working for him. It is possible that he distilled rum from the sugar cane.</p><br>
<p>In 1834, Varner sold his holdings to Columbus R. Patton, representing his father, John D. Patton. The plantation was known as the Patton Plantation through the rest of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Several members of the Patton family were active in the Texas Revolution and one, William H. Patton, was aide-de-camp to Sam Houston. William was part of the group that guarded Antonio López de Santa Anna after his capture at the Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna was briefly held at the Patton Plantation.</p><br>
<p>Columbus Patton was declared insane in 1854, at which time his property was placed under the control of Brazoria County farmer and merchant John Adriance. Upon Patton&#39;s death in 1856, the estate was placed into probate, since Patton had died intestate. His family gave a portion of the land to Adriance, and was able to gain control of the property, but they sold it off by 1869.</p><br>
<p>The property was run through a convict lease system through the Texas prison system until the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 knocked down most of the buildings, but left the farm house intact.</p><br>
<p>Former Governor Jim Hogg bought the property in 1902. Although the family used it as a second home, Hogg intended to use it as an investment. He was convinced that there was a great deal of oil on the grounds, and began drilling soon after the purchase, but he died in 1906, 14 years before oil was found. The 1920 oil strike proved to be the cornerstone of his children&#39;s wealth.</p><br>
<p>The family leased the property for livestock grazing and farming. The Governor&#39;s daughter, Ima Hogg, refurbished the house, and in 1958, she donated it to the state to commemorate her father and the heroes of Texas and America. During her renovations, Ima Hogg chose to assign each room of the house to a period of Texas history.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and description</h2><br>
<p>The Site is located on Farm Road 2852 off State Highway 35, two miles north of West Columbia. The site is over 66 acre in size. Varner Creek runs through the property.</p><br>
<p>An 1835-era farmhouse, refurbished by Miss Ima, is located on the site. The house and other buildings demonstrate a view of antebellum Texas plantation life. The property was named to the National Register of Historic Places on April 9, 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>The Old Silk Stocking Neighborhood is the historic district near downtown Kokomo, Indiana, and the Westside Business District. In 1886, natural gas was discovered in north central Indiana. The area exploded with people, who then developed the neighborhood. This historic area of town was the place where lawyers, doctors, industrialists and even a mayor would come to build their turn of the century residences.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is bounded by Washington Street to the east, Philips Street to the west, Wildcat Creek to the south and Taylor Street to the North. Major roadways traversing through the Old Silk Stocking Neighborhood include Sycamore Street (Indiana State Road 22) running east and west and Washington Street and Philips Street traveling north and south. Recently in 2005, Sycamore Street (SR 22) began a complete redesign resulting in an addition of a center turn lane, as well as old-fashioned lighting and ornamental trees with construction ending in late 2006.</p><br>
<p>On December 22, 2008, the neighborhood was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its official boundaries are "W. Jackson St. on the N., Washington St. on the E., Wildcat Creek in the S., Phillips St. on the W.".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Old Silk Stocking Neighborhood is an eclectic mix of architectural styles including Victorian, Neo-Jacobean, Queen Anne, Bungalow, Tudor Revival, Colonial Revival, and Romanesque Revival.</p><br>
<h2>Landmarks</h2><br>
<h3>Howard County Historical Society and Museum</h3><br>
<p>The Howard County Museum is located on West Sycamore Street and inhabits the Seiberling Mansion, the Elliott House, as well as two historic carriage houses owned by the two families which built the two massive residences. The Howard County Museum is open during the week and showcases local history including information about the founders of Kokomo, and the Seiberlings. Also available by the museum is a live reenactment of the marriage of Monroe Seiberling&#39;s daughter, as well as a venue for local weddings.</p><br>
<p>The Seiberling Mansion is an 1887 house built by manufacturing magnate Monroe Seiberling. It was separately listed on the National Register in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Elliott House is located next door to the Seiberling Mansion and is home to the Kokomo Symphonic Society, as well as a few professional offices. The Elliott Carriage house was recently renovated to house the Stan Mohr Local History Library. After the original residents of the Elliott House moved out, the house was purchased and was used for a location for Indiana University Kokomo, until it moved to its current location on South Washington Street.</p><br>
<h4>Christmas at the Seiberling</h4><br>
<p>During the holiday season, the Seiberling Mansion and the Elliott House hosts a plethora of events for all ages to endure. One of the most striking features of the holiday events would be the lighting of both the Seiberling Mansion, Elliott House and the grounds accommodating both buildings. Activities held at the Howard County Historical Society would include horse-drawn carriage rides, pictures with Santa Claus, a gingerbread competition, as well as touring the decorated mansion. Also available during this time are Choralier performances and refreshments.</p><br>
<h2>Religious Centers</h2><br>
<p>Of the large variety of religious centers within the Old Silk Stocking Neighborhood area, St. Andrew&#39;s Episcopal Church and Highland Park Church are two of the more prominent churches within the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>A list of religious centers within the neighborhood include:</p><br>
<p>St. Andrew&#39;s Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>Highland Park Church</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas the Apostle Orthodox Christian Church</p><br>
<p>First Congregational UCC</p><br>
<p>Fresh Start Ministries</p><br>
<p>The Father&#39;s House Church</p><br>
<p>Temple B&#39;nai Israel</p><br>
<h2>Parks</h2><br>
<h3>Foster Park</h3><br>
<p>Christened in 1921 and named after David Foster, the founder of Kokomo, this park is home to the Senior Citizen&#39;s Center, tennis courts, basketball courts, a softball diamond, as well as an outdoor concert venue. Another feature to this park is the Wildcat Walk of Excellence which runs through the park connecting Foster Park to Miller-Highland Park.</p><br>
<h3>Miller-Highland Park</h3><br>
<p>Better known as U.C.T. Ballpark by local residents, this park boasts two little-league baseball diamonds, Indian trails, as well as two playgrounds.</p><br>
<h2>Businesses</h2><br>
<p>Guardian Angel Hospice Foundation, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Crazy J&#39;s Ice Cream</p><br>
<p>Templin Barber Shop</p><br>
<p>Horoho Printing</p><br>
<p>File:WildcatCreek.jpgWildcat Creek, Foster Park located on the Left, Kokomo Beach Family Aquatic Center on the Right</p><br>
<p>File:TemplinBarbershopKokomo.jpgTemplin Barber Shop</p><br>
<p>File:SycamoreStDusk.JPGSycamore St. at Dusk</p><br>
<p>File:StAndrewsEpiscopalChurchKokomo.JPGSt. Andrews Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>Hallur is an archaeological site located in the Haveri district , in the Indian state of Karnataka. Hallur, South India&#39;s earliest Iron Age site, lies in a semi-arid region with scrub vegetation, located on the banks of the river Tungabhadra. The site is a low mound about 6.4 m high. The site was first discovered by Nagaraja Rao in 1962, and excavated in 1965. Further sampling was carried out in the late 1990s for the recovery of archaeobotanical evidence and new high precision radiocarbon dates</p><br>
<h2>Findings</h2><br>
<p>The excavations at Hallur by Nagaraja Rao revealed two periods of occupation, Period I: Neolithic-Chalcolithic and Period II: An overlapping period between Neolithic-Chalcolithic and early Iron Age. Period I consisted of two sub-phases of human occupation dating between 2000 and 1200 BC</p><br>
<p>Archaeobotanical findings at Hallur indicated that the Neolithic staples consisted of browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa), bristly foxtail (Setaria verticillata), mungbean, black gram, and horsegram. This site also produced some of the earliest evidence for crops of African origin in South India, including both hyacinth bean and pearl millet. In the later Iron Age period finger millet, kodo millet, and rice Ornaments made of carnelian, ceramic, gold and antler were also found. Apart from the bones of the horse; bones of cattle, sheep, goat and dog were found.</p><br>
<p>The housing structures found here consisted of circular floors, composed of schist chips and mud pounded hard to make a hard surface. The walls made of bamboo and mud, provided support to a conical thatched roof. Chalcolithic blade tools of black quartzite, small copper axes and fish hooks were also found. The transition to the Iron Age period is marked by the presence of megaliths and iron implements.</p><br>
<p>The Pullen Park Carousel is a classic wood carousel at Pullen Park in Raleigh, North Carolina. Built in 1900, the carousel contains 52 hand-carved basswood animals, 2 chariots , 18 large gilded mirrors and canvas panels and a Wurlitzer 125 organ made in 1924 by the Rudolph Wurlitzer Company of North Tonawanda, New York.</p><br>
<p>The carousel underwent restoration from 1977 to 1982 during which time the original factory paint was uncovered, documented and conserved. Each hand-carved animal was restored to its exact Munsell Color System paint color preserving the original paint underneath a layer of shellac while enabling the animals to look just as they were originally painted. In 1976 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places and is a designated Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1887, Richard Stanhope Pullen donated 80 acre of land to the city of Raleigh for use as a public park. The carousel was originally located in Bloomsbury Park (in the area south of Crabtree Creek, west of Lassiter&#39;s Mill Road, and north of Scotland Street) and was moved to Pullen Park in 1921 when the City Board voted to replace the steam powered antique merry go round. Bloomsbury Park, an amusement park founded by Carolina Power & Light (CP&L), was apparently in financial trouble and Pullen Park was able to acquire the carousel for $1,425 - one tenth of its original cost. The carousel became a Pullen Park focal point and is now recognized as one of the foremost surviving works of the Pennsylvania Carousel Company, founded by Gustav Dentzel.</p><br>
<p>In 1860, Dentzel emigrated from Germany and set up a cabinet making shop in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After the public&#39;s positive reaction to a merry go round he had built, Dentzel began constructing carousels full-time in 1876. From then until the closing of his factory in 1928, the company was the premier maker of carousels in the United States. The Pullen Park Carousel is one of 23 remaining historic Dentzel carousels still operating in North America.</p><br>
<p>The primary feature of the Pullen Park Carousel is a menagerie of 52 hand-carved wooden animals carved by Salvatore Cernigliaro who was known for elaborate and imaginative designs. The animals include horses, ostriches, cats, rabbits, pigs, a lion, a tiger, a reindeer, and a goat. The carousel is housed in a tent-like wooden-beamed shelter. The original music was produced by a Wurlitzer band organ. Since coming to Pullen Park, the carousel has been in almost continuous use. Replacements of several mechanical components have been made due to wear and tear, but the ride remains largely intact.</p><br>
<p>Jefferson Park is a 7 acre park in the Jefferson Park community area of Chicago, Illinois on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Park features</h2><br>
<p>The park is equipped with two baseball fields, one combination football/soccer field, three tennis courts, one playground and a spray pool and a full outdoor swimming pool with dressing facility. Each summer, hundreds of residents stroll the park grounds for “Jeff Fest,” a Jefferson Park Chamber of Commerce-sponsored outdoor community festival featuring local food, vendors and bands. The all-volunteer Citywide Orchestra practices at Jefferson Park and performs seasonal concerts for the community.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Jefferson Memorial Park is named in honor of the drafter of the Declaration of Independence and third president of the United States Thomas Jefferson. The park was long referred to as simply Jefferson Park until the park received the memorial park designation in 1999 to distinguish it from a second park of the same name. This Jefferson Park was the creation of the Jefferson Park District, one of 22 park commissions consolidated into the Chicago Park District in 1934. The Jefferson Park District was established in 1920 to provide neighborhood parks for the rapidly developing northwest side of Chicago. Located on the site of the former Esdohr farm, land acquisition for the park began in 1921 and continued through 1929 when most of the park had been landscaped.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, the park district constructed an athletic field and a fieldhouse designed by Clarence Hatzfeld whose architectural firm of Hatzfeld and Knox would later design many of the Prairie and Craftsman-style bungalows in the nearby Villa District by historic St. Wenceslaus Church. The brick fieldhouse is graced with several historic paintings, including an anonymous portrait of Thomas Jefferson, a depiction of a Viking ship replica by artist Emil Biorn, and Columbus Sighting Land by L. Caracciolo.</p><br>
<p>The Raleigh Water Tower is a historic building that was the first water tower built in Raleigh, North Carolina. Constructed in 1887, the City of Raleigh relied on the tower for 37 years until it was decommissioned in 1924. Formerly, the building was used as the headquarters for the North Carolina Chapter of the American Institute of Architects ., however it was recently sold to the law firm of Shirley & Adams. Shirley & Adams leased the tower out to be the headquarters for the franchise management company for Smithfields Chicken N BBQ while the firm of Gammon, Howard & Zeszotarski, PLLC occupy the former firehouse at the back of the property. The Raleigh Water Tower was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and is a Raleigh Historic Landmark. It is located in the Capitol Area Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before construction of the tower, most water in Raleigh came from private wells and cisterns. In the 1880s a municipal system was developed to address concerns of water quality. Water from Walnut Creek was drawn by a private company and was carried from a dam by pipes to a nearby pumping station. Water was forced by steam pumps through sand filters, and either into a reservoir on site or through pipes to the water tower downtown. A 100,000 gallon water tank sat on top of the octagonal tower. In addition, offices were housed in an attached two-story building and a stand-alone building behind the tower contained a maintenance shop.</p><br>
<p>By the beginning of the 20th century the water system was supplying the entire city, however, the increasing population of Raleigh created a need for more water supply. In 1913, the city bought the facility and built a larger dam upstream, removing the one built in 1887. By 1924 the water tower had been abandoned and its tank removed. Raleigh architect William Henley Deitrick purchased the facility in 1938 and converted the aging tower into his architectural offices. He removed the nine 12x12 inch heart pine columns that once supported the tank and created four interior floors. He connected the tower to the rear building with a walled garden courtyard. Known by local architects as “The Tower,” it became a gathering place for local architects and was the location where many buildings, such as Dorton Arena, were finalized. In 1963, the facility was deeded to the North Carolina chapter of the AIA with binding preservation covenants. The AIA renovated the site in the 1990s and will maintain the property as its state headquarters until their new headquarters is complete.</p><br>
<h2>New Owners</h2><br>
<p>In early October, 2010, the water tower was sold to the law firm of Shirley & Adams for $635,000. They temporarily occupied the small building to the rear of the property prior to the NC AIA moving to their new headquarters, located a few blocks away. Shirley & Adams have maintained the exterior appearance of the building in accordance with its historic landmark status.</p><br>
<p>In May 2012, Gammon, Howard & Zeszotarski, PLLC took up residence in the former firehouse behind the Water Tower. The firm focuses its practice on litigation, including state and federal criminal defense.</p><br>
<p>Currently the tower is used as the headquarters for the franchise management company for Smithfields Chicken N Bar-B-Q - a local North Carolina staple.</p><br>
<p>The Poplar Hill Mansion is a historic USA mansion located at 117 Elizabeth Street, Salisbury, Maryland and is open to the public as a house museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Major Levin Handy purchased 357 acre of land outside of Salisbury in 1795 and began construction of this Federal-style building later that year. Due to lack of funds stemming from severe medical problems, Major Handy discontinued construction of the mansion and put it up for sale in 1803. In 1805, Dr. John D. Huston purchased the incomplete house and continued its construction. Sarah Huston, Dr. Huston&#39;s widow inherited the estate, which included eighteen enslaved people and $110. She sold some of the property for development in the late 1840s to early 1850s. In 1881, George Waller purchased the estate and his family lived there until 1945. In 1945, Fred A. Adkins purchased the property and renovated the house, modernizing it. In 1948, Mr. & Mrs. Ward A Garber purchased the estate. In 1970, Wicomico County purchased the estate and the mansion was placed in public trust in 1974 under the ownership of the City of Salisbury. In 1971, Poplar Hill Mansion was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Some of the architectural features of the mansion include:</p><br>
<p>Tall proportions</p><br>
<p>Bold gable-fronted facade</p><br>
<p>Large sash windows</p><br>
<p>Delicate & intricate Federal or neoclassical style woodwork</p><br>
<p>Finely detailed Palladian windows on the hall landing to the second floor & over the front door</p><br>
<h2>Ghost legend</h2><br>
<p>According to legend, a slave girl named Sara perished in the house after her dress caught on fire in the second floor rear bedroom during the Huston period. Since that time, there have been reports of a "consoling" spirit.</p><br>
<p>Meekers Hardware  is located at White Street and Patriot Drive in downtown Danbury, Connecticut, United States, near the citys train station and the Danbury Railway Museum, just outside the city&#39;s Main Street Historic District. It was built in 1883, opened in 1885 and has remained in the Meeker family ever since. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is the only hardware store currently on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The Classical Revival exterior features a brick face with seven bays and a frieze at the top boasting a central pediment above its cornice. The name of the store is painted on both outside walls and displayed prominently in the front between the two stories. It is complemented by an interior that remains much as it did in the late 19th century. A vintage cash register is still in use. Tools and supplies are stocked in wooden shelves and compartments with thick, unfinished hardwood flooring beneath and high ceilings above, with ceiling fans to cool the building in the summertime.</p><br>
<p>On the northeast wall of the building there is a large advertisement for ten-cent Pepsi drinks, using the old logo. This is not just a decorative touch; the drink is available in the store in three-US-ounce (90 mL) plastic cups for that price. Originally the sign advertised Coca-Cola for five cents, which the store sold starting in 1983; it was a landmark to most visitors arriving at the nearby train station. The store switched to Pepsi and raised the price to ten cents in 2006 after the local Coca-Cola bottler told them they would have to install newer fountain equipment that would make the drinks unprofitable.</p><br>
<p>The Virginian Railway Passenger Station, also known as the Virginian Station is a former rail station listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the South Jefferson neighborhood of the independent city of Roanoke, Virginia, USA Located at the intersection of Jefferson Street SE  and Williamson Road, the Virginian Station served as a passenger station for the Virginian Railway between 1910 and 1956. The station was the only station constructed with brick along the entire length of the Virginian&#39;s 608 mi network. Severely damaged by fire on January 29, 2001, current plans for its restoration are underway.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Standing at the division point between the New River Division and the Norfolk Division of the Virginian Railway, construction commenced on the Virginian Station in September 1909 and was complete by early 1910. Measuring 162 ft long by 32 ft wide, the station consists of a pair of one-story buildings, connected by a covered overhang and features a tile roof, a blond brick facade and terrazzo floors.</p><br>
<p>Overshadowed by the larger Norfolk & Western Railway, this would serve passengers traveling between West Virginia and Norfolk through 1956 when passenger service was discontinued. By 1959, Virginian would merge with Norfolk & Western, and the former station would be leased out and subsequently operated as a feed and seed store.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1990s, the station was threatened with demolition to make way for an expansion of the Carilion bio-tech campus resulting in its placement on the Roanoke Valley Preservation Foundation&#39;s 2000 list of Most Endangered Sites. Operating as the Depot Country Store, on January 29, 2001, the former station suffered severe damage as a result of a fire. Despite the extensive damage, the station was cited for both its unique design and contribution to the railroad industry in Roanoke, and has been listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register since April 2003 and the National Register of Historic Places since June 2003.</p><br>
<p>A grass-roots effort to rehabilitate the former station into office space for the Roanoke Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society in addition to additional leaseable office space is underway.</p><br>
<p>McFaulds Lake is a lake located in the Unorganized Part of Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is part of the James Bay drainage basin and is in the Hudson Bay Lowlands area. There are two unnamed inflows, at the south and north. The primary outflow is an unnamed stream at the northeast leading to the Attawapiskat River, which itself flows to James Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>McFaulds Lake is at the centre of the Northern Ontario Ring of Fire, a region of geological activity which has left a rich source of minerals, including nickel, copper, platinum, palladium, chromite, vanadium, diamond and gold, buried beneath the muskeg.</p><br>
<h3>Mining interests</h3><br>
<p>The area near the lake has attracted the attention of junior mining exploration companies. Since a 2002 investigation of the area, some 20 companies have staked claims, forming joint ventures (JV). There have been numerous finds, though none have yet moved to the exploitation phase.</p><br>
<h3>First Nations</h3><br>
<p>First Nations communities in Northern Ontario are involved in the mining exploration. These communities include the Webequie First Nation and the Marten Falls First Nation.</p><br>
<p>Grosvenor Museum is a museum in Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. Its full title is The Grosvenor Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, with Schools of Science and Art, for Chester, Cheshire and North Wales. It takes its name from the family name of the Dukes of Westminster, who are major landowners in Cheshire. The museum opened in 1886, it was extended in 1894, and major refurbishments took place between 1989 and 1999. Its contents include archaeological items from the Roman period, paintings, musical instruments, and a room arranged as a Victorian parlour.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Grosvenor Museum was founded in 1885, largely due to the inspiration and work of the Chester Society for Natural Science, Literature and Art. This society had been founded in 1871 by Charles Kingsley, who was at that time a canon of Chester Cathedral. In 1873 it joined forces with the Chester Archaeological Society and the Schools of Science and Art to raise money to build the museum. A sum of £11,000 (£ in ) was raised, which included a donation of £4,000 (£ in ) from the First Duke of Westminster. The Duke also gave a plot of land in Grosvenor Street. Thomas Lockwood was appointed as architect. The foundation stone was laid on 3 February 1885 by the Duke, and the museum was officially opened by him on 9 August 1886. A major extension was built in 1894. The first curator was Robert Newstead, who served in this position from 1886 to 1913 and again from 1922 to 1947. Newstead later became Professor Emeritus of Entomology at Liverpool University and was made a freeman of Chester. In 1915 the City of Chester took over the administration of the museum, and in 1938 the authority took full control of the collections and displays.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The museum is in Ruabon red brick with sandstone dressings, and it has a red tile roof in free Renaissance style. Above the door are spandrels with carvings representing Science and Art. The Dutch gables are carved with peacocks flanked by the supporters of the Grosvenor arms. In the entrance hall are four columns made from Shap granite, and a mosaic which features the city arms, which was made by the firm of Ludwig Oppenheimer.</p><br>
<h2>More recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1947 Graham Webster took over as curator and devised the Newstead Gallery, named after his predecessor, which opened in 1953. Webster saved 20 Castle Street from demolition and created in it the first period room, the Victorian Parlour, which opened in 1955. A new art gallery was created in 1989. In 1990 a major reconstruction took place, refurbishing all the public galleries. The museum was re-opened in 1992 by the Prince of Wales. In 1993 the Webster Roman Stones Gallery won the North West Museum of the Year award, and in 1999 the museum was awarded £300,000 from the Heritage Lottery Fund to make improvements on accessibility and to create a new shop.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The museum has over 100,000 visitors each year. The Education Service is housed on the top floor of the museum and gives opportunities for children to learn about the history of the city. The museum contains a collection of Roman tombstones. It also owns 23 paintings by Louise Rayner, which is the largest number in any public collection. The museum also holds six recorders made by Peter Bressan; four of these form the only complete set of Bressan recorders in the country. A programme of temporary exhibitions is arranged by the museum. The museum is open on most days of the year, and admission is free.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple Building located at 133 Fayetteville Street in Raleigh, North Carolina was the state&#39;s first reinforced concrete skyscraper. Constructed in 1907 by Masons, the building represents the growth of Raleigh in the early 20th century and rise of the influence of Masons. The Masonic Temple Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 and is a Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>It&#39;s one of two Raleigh places of the same name on the National Register of Historic Places, the other being the Masonic Temple Building located on Blount Street, which was also built in 1907.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The seven-story Masonic Temple Building was designed by South Carolina architect Charles McMillan and built by Carolina Construction Co. Upon completion, the building was praised for its innovative construction due to the use of reinforced concrete, a new concept in building materials. The design is a conservative and classic example of the tri-partite skyscraper composition developed by Louis Sullivan. The first three floors are covered with Indiana limestone. The rest of the building consists of light brick ornamented with terra cotta.</p><br>
<p>Two years after the founding of Raleigh, the first Masonic lodge was built. Due to increased membership, the Masons raised funds for the construction of a new temple. The Masonic Temple Building, once used by local lodges and the state Grand Lodge, contained retailers on the first floor and offices throughout the rest of the building. The Masons sold the property in 1951 and relocated to the former Josephus Daniels House. Today, the downtown building continues to provide commercial and office space.</p><br>
<p>Kratero  is a village located in the Florina regional unit of northwestern Macedonia, Greece.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Kratero is located east of the Lake Prespa National Park and is on the slopes of the Eastern Varnous mountain range. The village is at an altitude of 980 meters. Neighbouring villages include Ethniko, Kato Kleines, Ano Kleines, and Akritas. Kratero is about 20 km north of the town of Florina. It is close to the Greek border with Albania, and within one kilometer of the border with the Republic of Macedonia.</p><br>
<h2>Origins of the village</h2><br>
<p>Local folklore suggests that the village was first settled in the year 1330 by Christian settlers from the Mat River region of Albania. The village was originally named Rakovo in Slavic. This word comes from Rakoits and means fresh water crayfish, which were plentiful in the nearby streams. The village was named Krateron in 1928 after the Second Balkan War of 1913 when the region became part of Greece according to the Treaty of Bucharest (1913).</p><br>
<p>Many residents migrated from Kratero in the 1950s to start new lives in the United States, Canada and Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Kratero at the time of the Ilinden Uprising (1903)</h2><br>
<p>The village has experienced a turbulent history as a result of its location and the strong patriarchist and Greek national identity of the population. The village was burnt down three times, once in 1903 by the Ottoman Turkish Army, in 1907 by Bulgarian bands, and in 1947 during the Greek Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The village of Kratero was heavily affected by the events of the Ilinden Uprising of 1903 due to the villages remote location in the Monastir Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. The villages of the Monastir Vilayet were subject to intimidation by Bulgarian bands who attempted by violent means to bring the Greek Patriarchist villages to the Bulgarian Exarchate. When the Greeks of Kratero categorically refused to support the Bulgarians, they were threatened with the burning of the village. The Greek priest, Papa Dimitrios and two notables, K. Traianou and Y. Konstantinou were murdered, and five more members of the community were beaten. Later, a Bulgarian armed band again raided Kratero murdering the Greek Priest Mitanidis, the village President Stavros Maligeorgos, and Vice President Yiorgos Boikovitis. In August 1903 Ottoman troops attacked the village in their attempts to deal with the Ilinden insurrection, burning and destroying 100 out of 120 houses.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Pavlos Rakovitis</p><br>
<p>Yiorgos "George" Rousis</p><br>
<p>Montfort Hall is a home and registered historic landmark located in the Boylan Heights neighborhood of Raleigh, North Carolina. It is one of the few mansions in Raleigh that survived during the American Civil War era. The house was built for William Montfort Boylan in 1858 and is an example of Italianate architecture. The centerpiece of the house&#39;s interior is a rotunda supported by four Corinthian columns and lit by a stained glass window located on the roof. Montfort Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 as Montford Hall and is a Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Montfort Boylan was the youngest son of prominent Raleigh businessman, William Boylan. The younger Boylan was born in the former home of Joel Lane after his father had purchased it along with the Wakefield Plantation in 1818. In addition to Wakefield, the senior Boylan owned plantations in neighboring Johnston and Chatham counties and in Mississippi, making him one of the wealthiest men in North Carolina. Boylan deeded his son William 100 acre on the west side of Raleigh in 1855.</p><br>
<p>William Montfort Boylan chose William Percival to design his home in 1858. In addition to designing Montfort Hall, some of Percivals work included renovations to the State Capitol and designing the New East and New West dormitories at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. William Montfort Boylan died in 1899 and the land around Montfort Hall was sold and subdivided as Boylan Heights, one of Raleighs first planned suburban neighborhoods. Since then, Montfort Hall has passed through a succession of owners, but the building still retains much of its original character.</p><br>
<p>Tekoa Mountain, 1,121 ft, is a dramatic, rocky high point overlooking the Westfield River Gorge at the eastern edge of the Berkshire plateau in the towns of Montgomery and Russell, Massachusetts, USA. Tekoa Mountain, very prominent from the "Jacob&#39;s Ladder" section of USA Route 20 in the town of Russell, is not a true mountain but a cleaver jutting from a dissected plateau; it was produced by glacial action and through continuous erosion by the Westfield River and Moose Meadow Brook before and after the last ice age.</p><br>
<p>With nearby Shatterack Mountain, another cleaver, Tekoa Mountain forms a 700 ft high knobby cliff face and gorge wall along the northeast side of the Westfield River as it plunges from the Berkshire Mountains of western Massachusetts into the Connecticut River Valley. Much of the face of Tekoa Mountain is barren or populated by sparse tree cover exacerbated by frequent fires which support partially fire-dependent tree species such as pitch pine and scrub oak. The mountain is also the habitat of the New England cottontail, a species in decline in Massachusetts. Tekoa Mountain has been targeted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service&#39;s Connecticut River Valley conservation plan as a "high priority" ecosystem.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Tekoa Mountain overlooks the Westfield River Gorge and the Connecticut River Valley. The town of Russell and its villages, Woronoco and Crescent Mills, lie at the foot of the mountain along the Westfield River. From the summit ledges, the cities of Westfield and Springfield, Massachusetts are visible to the east. The southwest and northeast sides of Tekoa Mountain are steep and rugged with frequent cliff faces and rocky overlooks; to the north, the topography gradually flattens out as Tekoa Mountain merges with the upland plateau of Montgomery. The southwest side of Tekoa Mountain drains into the Westfield River, thence into the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound; the northeast side drains into Moose Meadow Brook, thence the Westfield River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Tekoa Mountain region was originally inhabited by Native Americans of the Woronoake tribe. During the American Revolutionary War, the north (plateau) side of the mountain was the location of a secret, pro-revolution musket factory operated by early 18th century settler Richard Falley Jr.(slag may be found in the vicinity of the former "musket factory") a home belonging to Falley was located at the base of Tekoa Mountain, more information can be obtained at the Westfield Athenaeum; the summit was used as a lookout to watch for British spies. Tekoa Mountain was named after the biblical fortress and settlement of Tekoa, translated alternately as a place "fastening down" or "a trumpet blast." According to 2 Books of Chronicles 11:5, Tekoa was built as a city for the defense of Judah; a high place, its elevation offered a strategic military advantage and provided a vantage point from which to send signals to Jerusalem and other allied cities. It is unknown if the mountain was named with this history in mind.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Much of Tekoa Mountain lies within the Tekoa Mountain Wildlife Management Area, managed by the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. The eastern portion of the mountain are part of the Westfield Watershed lands, owned by the City of Westfield, with public access provided under a Conservation Easement to the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. These areas are open to hunting, hiking and other forms of non-motorized recreation. There are a few in-holdings of privately owned land. A number of unofficial trails and woods roads traverse Mount Tekoa, however, no officially designated or maintained trails exist. All motorized vehicles, including ATVs, are prohibited from the Wildlife Management Area and Watershed lands. The mountain and surrounding highland is part of a conservation effort by the USA Fish and Wildlife Service to secure critical habitats along the greater Connecticut River Valley.</p><br>
<p>The Convent of Mercy, known today as the St. Francis Place Condominiums, is a small complex of historic Roman Catholic religious buildings in Mobile, Alabama, United States. It consists of two buildings, the former convent and the former school. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 1992 as a part of the Historic Roman Catholic Properties in Mobile Multiple Property Submission. It, along with the Convent and Academy of the Visitation, is one of two surviving historic convent complexes in Mobile.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Sisters of Mercy first came to Mobile in 1884 with the new bishop, Dominic Manucy, for service in St. Josephs Parish. Their social works mission included visiting the sick in their homes, the destitute in the poorhouse and the imprisoned in the jails. They also performed instruction in schools and prepared sacramentals. They founded St. Josephs School, later to be called the Convent of Mercy Academy, in St. Joseph&#39;s Parish in 1895.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone for a new -story Baroque Revival–style building was laid on September 8, 1908. It was designed by architect A. H. Downey as a combination convent and school to replace the former frame structures. The student body grew over the next two decades to the extent that a new 3-story brick building was built to the rear of the existing building in 1928. It would serve as the school, while the 1908 building would serve as the convent. The school closed in 1968 and the Sisters moved their convent to another Mobile location in 1969. The former school building served to house the Empress Chandelier Company for a time. Then, in 2002, the complex was restored and renovated to house the St. Francis Place Condominiums.</p><br>
<p>The River Bush  is an Ulster river in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The River Bush is 33.5 mi long. The rivers source is in the Antrim Hills at 480m. From there the river flows northwest, with a bend at the town of Armoy. It then flows west, passing through Stranocum, and then bends north, passing through Bushmills before reaching the sea at Portballintrae on the North Antrim coast. It flows through a fertile valley devoted to grassland-based agriculture with limited arable cropping. The underlying geology is basalt and the water is slightly alkaline with magnesium making an unusually large contribution to total hardness. The river supports indigenous stocks of Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Saint Columbs Rill, which is a tributary of the river, is the source of water used for distilling Bushmills whiskey.</p><br>
<h2>Angling</h2><br>
<p>The River Bush has traditionally been a salmon-fishing river, though the numbers dwindled in the late 20th and early 21st century. The River Bush still offers excellent salmon fishing. It is managed as a premier salmon river by Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure (DCAL), Inland Fisheries Division. The Department also operates a fish farm and hatchery at the River Bush Salmon Station (which can be visited), providing assistance to the River Bush Salmon Research Project. This project was established in 1972 and is a long term programme of research investigating both the sea water and fresh water phases of the lifecycle of the Atlantic salmon. The research programme has led to the recognition of the River Bush as an index river by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES).</p><br>
<p>The Old Marine Hospital is a historic medical building at 20 Franklin Street in Charleston, South Carolina. Built 1831-33 to a design by Robert Mills, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973 for its association with Mills, and as a high-quality example of Gothic Revival architecture. The hospital was built as a public facility for the treatment of sick sailors and other transient persons.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old Marine Hospital is located in the historic center of Charleston, on the east side of Franklin Street, just south of the Old Charleston Jail. It is a two-story masonry structure, with a hip roof and a raised, arcaded basement that is a characteristic Mills element. A two-story porch extends across the seven-bay facade, with entrances to the porch at the end bays, which have two-story Gothic arches. The porch bays are articulated by clusters of columns, and the iron railings also have a Gothic motif. The main entrance is at the center of the facade, with flanking bays containing tall Gothic windows. When originally built, the building had two long wings extending from its rear; these were damaged by fire and removed during restoration work.</p><br>
<p>The City of Charleston undertook its operation in 1834, charging arriving ships a fee to support its operation. During the Civil War, it was used for Confederate forces as well as seamen. It was badly damaged by Union bombardment.</p><br>
<p>From 1866 to 1870, the Episcopal Church ran a school for African American children. In 1895 to 1939, it was the home of the Jenkins Orphanage for young African American children. It was remodeled in 1939 for offices of the Housing Authority of Charleston.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973. The building was named one of the African American Historic Places in South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Kerio Valley lies between the Tugen Hills and the Elgeyo Escarpment in Kenya. It sits at an elevation of 1,000 meters in the Great Rift Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The isolated Kerio Valley is situated in a narrow, long strip that is approximately 80 km by 10 km wide at its broadest, through which the Kerio River flows. 4,000 ft deep, the valley lies between the Cherangani Hills and the Tugen Hills.</p><br>
<p>The Elgeyo Escarpment rises more than 1,830 m above it in places. It has semi-tropical vegetation on the slopes, while the floor of the valley is covered by dry thorn bush.</p><br>
<p>The most comfortable time of the year is in July and August, when the rains have ended and the temperatures are not excessive.</p><br>
<p>The Kerio Valley National Reserve has been established since 1983 along the Kerio River to the north of Lake Kamnarok.</p><br>
<h2>Furrows</h2><br>
<p>The Kerio Valley is the site of elaborate irrigation systems that were constructed during earlier periods of history. These structures are believed to have been built by descendants of the Neolithic Afro-Asiatic peoples who introduced domesticated plants and animals to the Great Lakes region—a succession of societies collectively known as the Stone Bowl cultural complex. Most of these early northern migrants are said to have been absorbed by later movements of Nilotic and Bantu peoples. Although the particular irrigation systems in the Kerio Valley are today maintained by the Marakwet subgroup of the Kalenjin Nilotes, the latter aver that they were the work of a northern people of peculiar language called the Sirikwa, who were later decimated by pestilence. According to the Marakwet, the Sirikwa "built the furrows, but they did not teach us how to build them; we only know how to keep them as they are."</p><br>
<h2>People</h2><br>
<p>In Kimwarer in the southern part of the valley, fluoride is mined by the Kenya Fluorspar Company. The southern parts of the valley are settled by the Elgeyo people and the northern part by the Marakwet people. Tugen people live on the slopes of the Tugen Hills. These three groups together with the Nandi and the Kipsigis belong to the Kalenjin people.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Brereton Hall is a country house to the north of the village of Brereton Green, adjacent to St Oswald&#39;s Church, in the civil parish of Brereton, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The manor of Bretune is listed in Domesday Book. The house dates from 1586, the date inscribed over the entrance. It was built for Sir William Brereton (1550–1631), created Baron Brereton of Leighlin, Co. Carlow in 1624. A portrait of Sir William, dated 1579, with a cameo of Queen Elizabeth in his cap, is at the Detroit Institute of Arts. William, 3rd Lord Brereton (1631–1679), the great-grandson of Sir William Brereton, was a distinguished man of letters and a founder of the Royal Society. His younger son, Francis, 5th Lord Brereton, died a bachelor in 1722, ending the Brereton family male line.</p><br>
<p>The house passed to the Bracebridge family, and as Bracebridge Hall re-sited in Yorkshire, it featured in a historical fiction of Washington Irving. In 1817 it was purchased by a Manchester industrialist, John Howard. He made alterations in 1829 to the exterior and interior in Regency style. Further alterations were made in the late 19th century. In the 20th century it was a girls&#39; boarding school. After this closed in July 1992, it was the retreat of a pop star who built a recording studio at the back. Since 2005 it has been a private family home and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is one of a genre of splendid Elizabethan and Jacobean houses built for dynastic display called "prodigy houses". It is built in brick with stone dressings, formerly in a E-plan, of which the central wing has been demolished and replaced with a 19th-century conservatory. The front range has a lead roof; the cross-wings are roofed in slate. The front range has a basement and two storeys with a turreted central gateway. The octagonal turrets are linked by a bridge and are embattled (before 1829 they were surmounted by cupolas).</p><br>
<p>Over the entrance are the royal arms of Elizabeth I in a panel, which are flanked by the Tudor rose and the Beaufort portcullis. Beyond the entrance is a lower hall and a grand staircase leading to a long gallery which runs along the front of the house. This leads to the drawing room which contains a frieze with nearly 50 coats of arms and a chimney piece carved with the Brereton emblem, a muzzled bear. Two fireplaces elsewhere are carved in a Serlian manner. The former study of the 2nd Lord Brereton contains a richly carved alabaster fireplace.</p><br>
<p>Acacia Lodge, also known as the Shourds-Price House, is a craftsman style home in Montecito near the City of Santa Barbara, California that is significant for its architecture and landscape design. It was built in 1917 as a rental lodge.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Per its nomination document, The building was constructed in 1917 by William Augustus Whittlesey Brownell, a local designer, building, and developer who developed a number of rental properties in the area of Acacia Lodge. Brownell designed each house inside and out, furnished each to the smallest detail, sited each to take advantage of mountain scenery, laid out the grounds, and choose and planted all flowers, trees, and shrubs from his own nursery. Acacia Lodge embodies the Arts and Crafts ideals of total, integrated design; unity with nature; and simple, clean, cozy, private living.</p><br>
<p>The house is distinguished as a cross between a traditional Craftsman house and a ranch, with large windows that open and close and that provide significantly more light inside than is normal for Craftsman homes.</p><br>
<p>Before its NRHP nomination, the property was nominated for listing in a local historic registry but the registry declined. The owner was subsequently invited to nominate the property for NRHP listing, which went through. The home is privately owned and not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>W.A.W. Brownell</h2><br>
<p>William Augustus Whittlesey (W.A.W.) Brownell (died 1932) was a local architect and developer who practiced in Montecito for 25 years. He had earlier worked as a carpenter, including for the Southern Pacific Railroad.</p><br>
<p>His mother, Sylvia Brownell, and W.A.W. "built many of the houses in the area for investment purposes, to appeal to Easterners who were seeking the good climate year round or seasonally." At least eight houses are definitely attributed to Brownell:</p><br>
<p>Sylvia Brownell&#39;s home</p><br>
<p>W.A.W. Brownell&#39;s home (135 Miramar)</p><br>
<p>Wylbron Lodge,</p><br>
<p>Beverly Lodge,</p><br>
<p>Sylvan Lodge</p><br>
<p>Warren Lodge</p><br>
<p>"the Studio"</p><br>
<p>"the Little Home"</p><br>
<p>An additional seven are identified as likely works, because of similarities in architecture and proximity:</p><br>
<p>Acacia Lodge</p><br>
<p>Bungar Lodge (since modified significantly)</p><br>
<p>Frink Lodge</p><br>
<p>Hayes-Jaffray House</p><br>
<p>Hope Lodge</p><br>
<p>Mon Desir (since modified significantly)</p><br>
<p>Ethel M. Shaw House</p><br>
<p>Two houses, the J.N. Hull and Katenkamp houses, have been moved to other locations.</p><br>
<p>Amba Aradam is a mountain in northern Ethiopia. Located in the Debub Misraqawi  Zone of the Tigray Region, between Mek&#39;ele and Addis Abeba, it has a latitude and longitude of {{coord|13|20|N|39|31|E|type:mountain}} and an elevation of 2,756 m. The mount is famous for the Battle of Enderta that the Italians fought in order to capture Amba Aradam on 15 February 1936, and for the massacre three years later, as an action against the Arbegnoch, or Ethiopian partisans.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Between 9–11 April 1939, a group of Arbegnoch, led by Abebe Aregai, had taken refuge in the Amezena Washa (Cavern of the Rebels), which was in Amba Aradam. The party included members of the Arbegnoch, but also their relatives, wounded, and other refugee non-combatants.</p><br>
<p>On 9 April 1939, the chemical platoon of the Granatieri di Savoia Division attacked the Arbegnoch using bombs with poison gas, killing most of those inside. Only fifteen persons succeeded in escaping from the cave. Those who continued the resistance inside the cave were killed with flamethrowers. The extent of the cave made it difficult to explore for the remaining members of the resistance who were still within, so the Italian military command gave the order to seal it with explosives:</p><br>
<p>The Powder Magazine is a gunpowder magazine and museum at 79 Cumberland Street in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Completed in 1713, it is the oldest surviving public building in the former Province of Carolina. It was used as a gunpowder store through the American Revolutionary War, and later saw other uses. The Powder Magazine was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989. It has been operated as a museum by the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America since the early 1900s. it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Charleston Powder Magazine is located in the historic center of Charleston, on the south side of Cumberland Street, between Church and Meeting Streets. It is a single-story square structured, with stuccoed brick walls 32 in thick, and an original red tile roof that is pyramidal with intersecting gables. Each wall of the building boasts a large arch. The walls get thinner as they reach the top of the arch, changing from three feet thick, near the ground, to just a few inches thick near the top. There are also few doors in the building, so that in the event of an explosion, most of the explosive force would exit through the roof, with the arches acting like funnels. Sand stored in the roof would then smother and put out the fire.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the building was authorized by the Province of Carolina in 1703, during Queen Anne&#39;s War, as part of a series of fortifications, but it was not completed until 1713. It was used as a powder magazine until late in the American Revolutionary War, after which it saw a variety of other uses, including as a wine cellar for Gabriel Manigault. The local chapter of the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America acquired the building in 1902, and now operates it as a museum, which includes historic artifacts and displays about the building during the Colonial and American Revolution periods.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Barnwell Rhett House is a historic house at 6 Thomas Street in Charleston, South Carolina. A National Historic Landmark, it is significant as the home of Robert Barnwell Rhett, a leading secessionist politician. He opposed John C. Calhoun to lead the Bluffton Movement for separate state action on the Tariff of 1842. Rhett was one of the leading fire-eaters at the Nashville Convention of 1850, which failed to endorse his aim of secession.</p><br>
<p>The house was likely built by James Legare in a proper classical manner. Legare sold the house in 1856 to Robert Barnwell Rhett, who made it his home until 1863. During that time, his son, newspaper editor Robert Barnwell Rhett, Jr., also occupied the house. George Trenholm bought the house from Rhett in 1863 but kept it only until 1866. Theodore Wagner next bought the house but very quickly resold it to a trustee for Susan Hanckel for $10,000 in 1867. The Hanckels held the house for about 70 years before selling it to the Shahid family in 1940.</p><br>
<p>The house has an enduring bit of Charleston lore associated with it. Along Vanderhorst St. (bordering the property to the south) are large and very decorative iron gates. The set of gates to the west is said to have been the spot where a woman bid farewell to her fiance, telling him as he left that she would not reopen the gates until he returned. The man was killed in the Civil War, and no subsequent occupant of the house has reopened the gates to this day; they remain locked shut.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square is the former courthouse of Denton County located in at the county seat Denton, Texas. The Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square was constructed in 1896. In addition to county offices, the "Courthouse-on-the-Square Museum" also calls it home. The courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Courthouse is also the final resting place of John B. Denton, the countys and citys namesake.</p><br>
<h2>Courthouse-on-the-Square Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Courthouse-on-the-Square Museum is located at the Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square. The museum is one of three Denton County museums, which also include the Bayless-Selby House Museum, and the Denton County African American Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Courthouse-on-the-Square Museum focuses on the history and culture of Denton County. Exhibits include African American and Hispanic heritage, farming, weapons, dolls, Southwest American Indian and Denton County pottery, furniture, and special collections of American pressed blue glass, thimbles, Pecan folk art and quilts.</p><br>
<p>The Robert William Roper House is a historic house at 9 East Battery in Charleston, South Carolina. It was built on land purchased by Robert W. Roper, a prominent cotton planter, in May 1838. The house is an outstanding example of early 19th Century Greek Revival architecture, built on a monumental scale. Although there are now two houses between the Roper House and White Point Garden to the south, at the time of its construction nothing stood between the house and the harbor beyond. "It is said that Mr. Roper intended his showcase home to be the first residence seen by visitors approaching Charleston from the sea."</p><br>
<p>The authors of the nomination form for the National Register of Historic Places (1973) speculated that Edward B. White was the architect, although no evidence is given in support of this. Others, including Jonathan H. Poston and the Classical American Homes Preservation Trust, have suggested Charles Friedrich Reichardt, a highly regarded Prussian architect, who was working in Charleston at the time on the new Charleston Hotel, built in the Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased in 1929 by Solomon Guggenheim of New York. It was acquired in 1968 by Richard Jenrette, who restored it, completing in the early 1980s what Jonathan H. Poston calls "one of America&#39;s most notable restorations of a Greek Revival house."</p><br>
<p>The Roper House was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Puerto del Escudo  is a mountain pass at 1,011 meters elevation located in the valley of Luena, to the east of the Sierra del Escudo mountain range and on the boundary between Cantabria and Castile  in Spain. The source of the Magdalena or Luena River is located there. It has been one of the main access routes from the coast to the interior plateau crossing the Cantabrian Mountains. At the moment the N-623 highway runs over it and is well known for its steep inclines on its Cantabrian slope that can be up to 15%, causing a difficult transit for heavy vehicles. This characteristic and its altitude result in the relatively frequent closing of the pass when there is heavy snow in the winter.</p><br>
<p>During the Spanish Civil War, the pass was the site of a decisive battle between Republican forces (trying to hold the pass) and Italian forces (trying to dislodge them), part of the Battle of Santander. A pyramid-shaped tomb for the Italians killed in the battle still stands at the top of the pass, although their bodies were removed some years ago.</p><br>
<p>Burton Manor is a former manor house in the village of Burton, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built around 1805 for Richard Congreve and remodelled in 1904 by Sir Charles Nicholson for Henry Neville Gladstone, son of William Ewart Gladstone. An orangery was added in 1910 to a design by Arthur Beresford Pite. Formerly a private house, it became an adult education college with accommodation for resident students, operated by Liverpool City Council. It closed as an adult educational college in March 2011. Since its closure the organisation known as the Friends of Burton Manor has been formed to restore the manor and its associated buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is built in ashlar and hammer-dressed red sandstone with a roof of green slates. The chimney stacks are tall and ornate, built of stone and brick. The plan of the building is quadrangular with a central courtyard. The authors of the Buildings of England series consider it to be a "classical design of no great force" and state that its most attractive feature is the small inner courtyard.</p><br>
<h2>External features</h2><br>
<p>The former coach house is listed at Grade II, as are the boundary walls, gate piers and library.</p><br>
<h2>Garden</h2><br>
<p>The garden was designed in the early 20th century as a formal garden. It was designed by T. H. Mawson with a pool, lawns, and terraces with views over extensive parkland. It is listed Grade II on the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The ice house in the garden is listed at Grade II, and is a scheduled monument.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Rutledge House, also known as the Carter-May House and now The Governor&#39;s House Inn, is a historic house at 117 Broad Street in Charleston, South Carolina. This 18th-century house was the home of Edward Rutledge , a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and later Governor of South Carolina. Despite many changes to the house, it retains its 18th-century core dating to about 1760, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Edward Rutledge House is located in historic Charleston, at the southwest corner of Broad and Orange Streets. It is a large Charleston double house, two stories in height, with a hip roof and clapboard siding. It is oriented as many Charleston houses are, with a two-story porch facing to the right side. The facade facing Broad Street has a gable at the center of the roof, which is fully pedimented and has modillions lining its outline. An entrance is located in the center of the main five bays, topped by a transom window and gabled pediment, and flanked by sidelight windows. The interior, which has undergone much alteration due to varied uses of the house, still retains some of its original features.</p><br>
<p>The house is most notable as the home of Edward Rutledge, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence. Rutledge, a South Carolina native, was trained in England in the law, and had by the time of the American Revolution established a law practice in Charleston. He served in the First and Second Continental Congresses, and spent time during the American Revolutionary War as a prisoner of war, having been captured in the 1780 Siege of Charleston. He served as Governor of South Carolina from 1798 to his death in 1800.</p><br>
<p>The home is now a bed and breakfast. Images of the renovations can be seen on its website.</p><br>
<p>The Governor John Rutledge House is a historic house at 116 Broad Street in Charleston, South Carolina. Completed in 1763 by an unknown architect, it was the home of John Rutledge, a Governor of South Carolina and a signer of the United States Constitution. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The John Rutledge House is located in historic Charleston, on the north side of Broad Street, opposite its junction with Orange Street, and the Edward Rutledge House, the home of John&#39;s brother. It is a tall three-story structure, rendered even taller by its placement on a raised basement. It has a hip roof with a front-facing gable, stuccoed walls, and corner quoining. The front facade is distinguished by an ornate two-story wrought iron balcony, which is believed to have been made by Christopher Werner.</p><br>
<p>The house was built as a two-story structure for John Rutledge in 1763, by which time he had already established a successful law practice. Rutledge played a significant role in organizing the Patriot forces of South Carolina during the American Revolutionary War, serving as the state&#39;s executive for much of the conflict. He also attended the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and is a signer of the United States Constitution. The house passed out of his family, and was enlarged by the addition of the third story in 1853 by Thomas M. Gadsden. The house served as a law office in the 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>John Rutledge House Inn</h2><br>
<p>In 1989, the house was renovated and opened to the public as the John Rutledge House Inn.</p><br>
<p>The inn has 19 guest rooms, ranging from standard hotel rooms to large suites. 11 of these rooms are located in the main house, with the remaining 8 being in the carriage houses (located at the rear of the property). In addition to the guest rooms, the house contains a ball room (open to the public), which is used for afternoon tea as well as breakfast.</p><br>
<p>The John Rutledge House has received a 4 diamond rating from AAA, and is a member of both the Select Registry and Historic Hotels of America.</p><br>
<p>John Mark Verdier House, also known as Lafayette Building, is a building in Beaufort, South Carolina. It was built by John Mark Verdier, a French Huguenot, in 1804. The house typified Beauforts gracious antebellum architectural style. It was a focal point of the town, a visible statement reflecting Verdiers significant wealth from trading indigo and growing sea island cotton.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>It is a contributing property in the Beaufort Historic District, which is a National Historic Landmark. It is the only house museum in Beaufort and provides tours Monday through Saturday from 10:00 to 4:00. Admission is $10.00 per person; children and military are free.</p><br>
<p>The house is owned and operated by the Historic Beaufort Foundation as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>Burton Hall is in the small village of Burton 2 mi to the southeast of the larger village of Tarvin, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The house dates from the early 17th century, and was built by John Werden. There have been some small 19th-century additions. It is built in brick with buff sandstone dressings, it has a Welsh slate roof, and four stone-capped brick chimneys. Its plan is square and the house has three storeys over a basement, with a symmetrical three-bay front. The entrance is approached by ten stone steps. The hall, which had fallen into considerable disrepair throughout the late 20th century, has recently undergone an extensive restoration programme by the Rowton family.</p><br>
<p>Ashley River Historic District is a historic district located in the South Carolina Lowcountry near Charleston, South Carolina, United States, and North Charleston. The Historic District includes land from five municipalities, almost equally split between Charleston and Dorchester counties. The district includes dry land, swamps, and marshes of the Rantowles Creek and Stono Swamp watershed.</p><br>
<p>The historic district includes historic and archaeological resources associated with the rice culture and phosphate mining of the early-eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century, and the hunting plantations and timber industry preserves of the late nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. Historically, the Wando, Cooper, Ashley, Stono, and Edisto rivers served as the primary transportation routes in the Lowcountry. These waterways were used for exploration and settlement, the movement of goods, and the cultivation of staple crops.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. Its boundaries were increased from 7,000 acres to 23,828.26 acres on October 22, 2010.</p><br>
<p>It includes some of the following separately listed sites as contributing properties:</p><br>
<p>Ashley River</p><br>
<p>Ashley River Road</p><br>
<p>Fort Bull</p><br>
<p>Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Trestle</p><br>
<p>Drayton Hall, a National Historic Landmark</p><br>
<p>Magnolia Plantation and Gardens (Charleston, South Carolina)</p><br>
<p>Runnymeade Schoolhouse</p><br>
<p>Middleton Place, another National Historic Landmark</p><br>
<p>Old Dorchester</p><br>
<p>The Laurels</p><br>
<p>Onondaga Park is a 82.6 acre park in the city of Syracuse, New York. Man-made Hiawatha Lake is located within the park, which is situated in Syracuses Strathmore neighborhood on the citys south side.</p><br>
<p>Portions of the park were designed by famed urban planner George Kessler in the early 20th century. The park was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Park description</h2><br>
<p>Onondaga Park consists of two neighboring sections, Lower Onondaga Park and Upper Onondaga Park. Upper and Lower Onondaga parks are linked with nearby Kirk Park via Onondaga Creek Boulevard, a parkway completed in 1930. The three parks, together with the parkway, form the only interconnected park system in Syracuse.</p><br>
<h3>Lower Onondaga Park</h3><br>
<p>Lower Onondaga Park is 15.6 acre in size, and contains a baseball diamond and a greenhouse which supplies plants used by many of Syracuse&#39;s parks.</p><br>
<p>This portion of the park was originally landscaped according to designs by urban planner George Kessler, who was hired to design the park in 1907. The park was completed according to Kesslers designs in 1915, featuring extensive stonework and several ponds, including Star Lake, which contained five fountain jets. A large neoclassical greenhouse, designed by a local architect, was added in 1917. Although some remnants of Kesslers original landscaping remain, several changes in the years that followed have obscured the original design, including the channelization of Onondaga Creek in 1927, and the city&#39;s decision to fill in Star Lake in the 1970s.</p><br>
<h3>Upper Onondaga Park</h3><br>
<p>The 67 acre Upper Onondaga Park is built around Hiawatha Lake. This portion of the park also includes eight tennis courts, three basketball courts, a playground, and a 50 m swimming pool with the capacity to hold 352 bathers.</p><br>
<p>Upper Onondaga Park occupies the site of the former Wilkinson Reservoir, which was built to supply Syracuse with water in the 1870s. The city acquired the reservoir and surrounding land in 1892 and opened the area as a park in 1898.</p><br>
<h4>Hiawatha Lake</h4><br>
<p>In 1911, Wilkinson Reservoir was re-contoured as a 17 acre man-made lake, and has since been known as Hiawatha Lake.</p><br>
<p>Although the lake was originally created to allow for swimming, this use was stopped after a series of accidental drownings in the 1970s. One side was filled back in and a modern swimming pool was built. In the winter, the lake freezes and local children use it for pond hockey.</p><br>
<p>The lake is still used for its picturesque quality and large gazebo, and often serves as a backdrop for prom and wedding photos.</p><br>
<p>Marshlands, also known as the James Robert Verdier House, is a historic house at 501 Pinckney Street in Beaufort, South Carolina. Built about 1814, it is a high quality and well-preserved example of early Beaufort architecture, showing both Adamesque and West Indian stylistic influences. It is also notable as a home of Dr. James Robert Verdier, who discovered a treatment for yellow fever. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973 for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Marshlands is located in Beaufort&#39;s historic downtown, on a parcel east of the junction of Pinckney and Federal Streets, overlooking the Beaufort River. It is a two-story wood frame structure, set on a tall foundation of pink tabby cement with an arcade of arches. It is topped by a hip roof and its exterior is sheathed in wooden clapboards. A single-story porch extends around three sides of the house, supported by square columns. The main entrance is framed by sidelight windows and topped by a fanlight. The interior retains high quality original Adamesque woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1814 for Dr. James Robert Verdier, and is noted among Beaufort&#39;s houses for its distinctive blend of Adam style elements with those from the West Indies, the latter including the arcaded basement and the single-story porch (when typical Beafort houses have two-story porches). Dr. Verdier was noted for discovering early treatments for yellow fever; his house was used during the American Civil War as the headquarters for the United States Sanitary Commission. The house is privately owned, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Eva site  is a prehistoric Native American site in Benton County, Tennessee, in the Southeastern United States. Located along an ancient channel of the Tennessee River, the Eva site saw extensive periods of occupation during the Middle and Late Archaic period . The site&#39;s well-defined midden layers helped investigators identify three distinct Archaic cultures, the oldest of which was first identified at Eva and is still known as the "Eva culture" or the "Eva phase."</p><br>
<p>The Eva site is now submerged by Kentucky Lake, an artificial reservoir created by the impoundment of the Tennessee River by Kentucky Dam. In 1940, before the Tennessee River was dammed to form Kentucky Lake, University of Tennessee archaeologists conducted excavations at the Eva site and managed to extract a relatively large amount of data. The data and artifacts were analyzed by University of Tennessee anthropologists Thomas Lewis and Madeline Kneburg Lewis, who presented their findings in a 1961 publication entitled Eva, an Archaic Site.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical setting</h2><br>
<p>The Tennessee River enters the Benton County area from the south and proceeds northward for nearly 100 mi before emptying into the Ohio River. Kentucky Dam, located nearly 80 mi downstream from the Eva site, was completed in 1944 and created a lake that spans most of the state from north-to-south. Hills that comprise the western fringe of the Highland Rim rise as high as 300 ft above the river to the east and west. The Eva site is named for the community of Eva, which is centered approximately 2 mi to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>Before inundation by Kentucky Lake, the Eva site was located on a flood plain that stretched for nearly 2 mi between the river bank and the hills to the west. This floodplain was characterized by a series of swells (natural levees created by river deposits) and swales (ancient river channels and tributary channels). The Eva site was situated on a high swell between a swale known as Three Mile Slough to the east and a swale known as the Cypress Creek Slough to the west. In Archaic times, the Tennessee River proper flowed through Three Mile Slough (roughly a mile west of its modern pre-inundation channel). As Three Mile Slough joins Cypress Creek immediately north of the Eva site, it&#39;s likely the site was situated at the ancient confluence of Cypress Creek and the Tennessee River.</p><br>
<p>Kentucky Lake is managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority. Much of the current lakeshore above the Eva site is part of Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park. The submerged Eva site is visible from atop Pilot Knob to the north and from the Eva Beach boat ramp to the south. In 1993, the Benton County Genealogical Society erected a small monument at Eva Beach recalling the Eva site&#39;s Archaic-era importance.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological findings</h2><br>
<p>The University of Tennessee and the Works Progress Administration conducted excavations at the Eva site from September 11, 1940 through November 23, 1940. Excavators identified six soil layers, the uppermost being the plowzone and the others labeled Strata I-V, with Stratum V being the deepest. The plowzone and Stratum I contained artifacts that were predominantly associated with a Late Archaic people known as the Big Sandy culture, who occupied the Eva site roughly 2000-1000 BC (and possibly as late as 500 BC). Stratum II contained artifacts associated with a Middle Archaic people known as the Three Mile culture, who occupied Eva around 4000-2000 BC. Stratum III contained only scant cultural material, indicating that the Eva site was unoccupied for a period around 4000 BC. Stratum IV and Stratum V contained material associated with a culture first identified at Eva and thus referred to as the Eva culture. The Eva culture was operating at the Eva site by 5200 BC and probably occupied the site as early as 6000 BC.</p><br>
<p>Flint and chert artifacts uncovered at Eva included projectile points, blades, and butchering tools. Stone artifacts included atlatl weights, gorgets, and pestles. Bone artifacts included awls, needles, fishhooks, and a necklace composed of snake vertebrae. Antler artifacts included scrapers, projectile points, and atlatl hooks.</p><br>
<p>180 human burials were uncovered at the Eva site. These burials included 29 infants, 11 children, 7 juveniles, and 133 adults. Most of the adults were younger than 45 years old, although a few lived well into their 70s. Pathological analyses conducted on the sites human remains indicates that Evas Archaic inhabitants were healthy compared to the region&#39;s later cultures. Along with the human burials, 18 dog burials were uncovered at the Eva site.</p><br>
<h2>The Eva site's inhabitants</h2><br>
<p>While Clovis points and other Paleo-Indian artifacts have been found along the Tennessee River in Benton County, major occupation of the site didn&#39;t begin until around 6000 BC during the Middle Archaic period. Substantial occupation continued at Eva until at least 1000 BC and possibly as late as 500 BC. While pottery sherds dating to the Woodland period and Mississippian period were uncovered at Eva, they were relatively scant. The Eva site was uninhabited when Euro-American explorers and settlers arrived in the late 18th century, although the junction of two major Native American trails ("traces") occurred just south of the site.</p><br>
<p>Cultural materials and features uncovered from Stratum IV and Stratum V (which correlate to the Eva culture) include mussel shells, fire-cracked rocks, flint chips, antler tools, projectile points, and animal bones (mostly deer). Using radiocarbon testing, an antler section uncovered from Stratum IV was dated to roughly 5200 BC. A pile of chert projectile point blanks and the relatively large number of tools might indicate the location of a workshop.</p><br>
<p>Very little cultural material was uncovered from Stratum III, indicating a significant gap between the Eva occupation and the Three Mile occupation. Materials and features uncovered in Stratum II (which correlates to the site&#39;s Three Mile phase) include fire-cracked rocks, mussel shells and a curious mussel shell arrangement, ash content, and animal bones. While deer bones still comprised the majority of the animal bones, the percentage was significantly lower than that of the Eva phase, indicating a greater reliance upon fish and bird meat.</p><br>
<p>Cultural materials uncovered from Stratum I and the plowzone (which correlate to the sites Big Sandy phase) include burned clay, a hearth, a mortar, hammerstones, and bone needles. Deer still comprised the greatest percentage of animal bones, but, as with the sites Three Mile phase, birds and fish were providing major supplements. Unlike previous phases, however, very few mussel shells were uncovered in Stratum I. Lewis and Lewis hypothesized that the lack of mussel shells indicates higher river levels in the Late Archaic period.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Brentford Ait is a long uninhabited ait  in the River Thames, with no buildings, on the Tideway near Brentford in London, England. It is administered by the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.</p><br>
<p>Brentford Ait has a gap in the middle known as Hog Hole which is apparent at lower tides, dividing the ait into "upper" and "lower" sections.</p><br>
<p>Brentford Ait was also formerly known as Makenshaw, Mattenshaw or Twigg Ait.</p><br>
<p>In the 18th century the ait was inhabited and buildings included a notorious pub called the Swan or Three Swans — its trade was ended in 1796. On the Brentford bank, the Swan Steps lead down to the river at the east end of the long and narrow riverside park, Waterman&#39;s Park, at the site of the crossing to this pub. The ait was planted with trees in the 1920s to screen Brentford&#39;s gasworks from the view of Kew Gardens. The ait is covered by willows and alder and is a bird sanctuary with a significant heronry. For historic reasons unknown the parish of Kew in Surrey included Brentford in its history; the London Borough of Hounslow administers the neighbouring Lot&#39;s Island separated by thick, shifting mud at low tide from Brentford whereas channels on both sides of Brentford Ait are dredged.</p><br>
<p>Lot&#39;s Ait is an ait  in the River Thames. It is on the Tideway near Brentford, in the Borough of Hounslow, London, England, and its size is approximately 51,000 ft&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lot&#39;s Ait is often grouped with the adjacent Brentford Ait. It was formerly used for the growing of grass and osiers: basket willows, used for basketry, furniture, and cart-making, as well as cattle fodder. It was once known as Barbel Island, as this was a particularly fruitful area for fishing. It contained a yard where barges were repaired until 1980, when it was sold. It acquired a wild character with naturalised willows, rotting boats and rusting dock roofs and became a haven for wildlife. In 2002, the island was offered for sale with outline planning permission for a restaurant, a leisure facility and boat storage. It is accessible by footbridge and at low tide when it is possible to walk across from the Brentford shore, and is accessible by water from the nearby slipway street of Goats Wharf off Brentford High Street.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, a lease on the island was granted to a local company, John&#39;s Boat Works, who has commenced boat building works on the island for the first time in over 30 years and put it back into use. In January 2012 a new footbridge was installed to link the island to the Brentford bank of the Thames at Smith Hill. The bridge was designed by Beckett Rankine and built and installed by MSO Marine.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>*The island was used to film some scenes for The African Queen</p><br>
<p>*Scenes from the film Stratton were also filmed on the island.</p><br>
<p>*The boatworks was featured on an episode of George Clarke&#39;s Amazing Spaces.</p><br>
<p>Coire an t-Sneachda  is a glacial cirque or corrie landform in the Cairngorm or Am Monadh Ruadh mountain range in the Grampian Mountains of the Scottish Highlands.</p><br>
<p>The summits of Cairn Lochan (1215m) and Stob Coire an t-Sneachda (1176m) lie above Coire an t-Sneachda&#39;s headwall.</p><br>
<p>The Gaelic Coire an t-Sneachda roughly translates to the English language as "Corrie of the Snow".</p><br>
<h2>Location and access</h2><br>
<p>Coire an t-Sneachda is located in Invernesshire, Northern Scotland. The nearest major town is Aviemore. The nearest road access point is the Cairn Gorm ski centre, which is located approximately 4 km away (approx. 45–60 minutes walking, in fair conditions).</p><br>
<h2>Geology and wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The country rock is the Caledonian granite of the Cairngorm batholith which gives rise to the high plateau from which the corrie was eroded. The last glacier occupied this corrie or cirque approximately 10,000 to 11,000 years before present during the Younger Dryas stadial. This cold period, which is also known as the Loch Lomond stadial, was the last mini ice-age that brought glaciers and tundra conditions to the Scottish Highlands.</p><br>
<p>The corrie is home to a number of bird species, including ring ouzel and snow bunting (in the spring and summer) and ptarmigan (also known as rock ptarmigan) (all year round).</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The corrie is a popular destination for climbers, primarily because of its easy accessibility from the Cairn Gorm ski centre and the relatively reliable snow and ice conditions throughout the winter season.</p><br>
<p>A number of climbers have been killed in the corrie, attracting some media attention. Most notoriously, in the winter of 2007 five climbers died after falls or from exposure in adverse conditions during a two-month period. A member of the Cairngorms mountain MRT (Mountain Rescue Team) was quoted by BBC Scotland as stating, "... it may down to a combination of factors such as how easily accessible the corrie is – it is about an hour&#39;s walk from the ski centre car park – people not having adequate equipment and poor climbing conditions".</p><br>
<p>The Edgar Allan Poe Cottage  is the former home of American writer Edgar Allan Poe. It is located on Kingsbridge Road and the Grand Concourse in The Bronx, New York, a short distance from its original location, and is now in the northern part of Poe Park.</p><br>
<p>The cottage is a part of the Historic House Trust, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, has been administered by the Bronx County Historical Society since 1975, and is believed to have been built in 1797.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Poe family years</h3><br>
<p>The Poe family—which included Edgar, his wife Virginia Clemm, and her mother Maria—moved in around May 1846 after living for a short time in Turtle Bay, Manhattan. At the time, Fordham was rural and was only recently connected to the city by rail. Its owner, John Valentine, had bought it from a man named Richard Corsa on March 28, 1846, for $1000.</p><br>
<p>The family seemed to enjoy the home, despite its small size and minimal furnishings. "The cottage is very humble", a visitor said, "you wouldnt have thought decent people could have lived in it; but there was an air of refinement about everything." A friend of Poes years later wrote: "The cottage had an air of taste and gentility... So neat, so poor, so unfurnished, and yet so charming a dwelling I never saw." In a letter to a friend, Poe himself wrote: "The place is a beautiful one." Maria wrote years later: "It was the sweetest little cottage imaginable. Oh, how supremely happy we were in our dear cottage home!" Poes final short story, "Landors Cottage", was likely inspired by the home.</p><br>
<p>In this home, Poe wrote his poems "Annabel Lee" and "Ulalume" while the family cat sat on his shoulder. During his time here, he also published his series on "The Literati of New York City", controversial gossip-like discussions of literary figures and their work, including Nathaniel Parker Willis, Charles Frederick Briggs, Thomas Dunn English, Margaret Fuller, and Lewis Gaylord Clark. As their publisher Louis Antoine Godey announced in his Lady&#39;s Book, they would soon "raise some commotion in the literary emporium."</p><br>
<p>The Poe family befriended their neighbors, including the family of John Valentine, and Poe even served as a sponsor for baptism for one of the local boys who was named "Edgar Albert". Poe also became friendly with the faculty at what was then St. John&#39;s College, now Fordham University. He found the faculty to be "highly cultivated gentleman and scholars smoked, drank, and played cards like gentleman, and never said a word about religion."</p><br>
<p>During the Poe familys time in the cottage, Virginia struggled with tuberculosis. Family friend Mary Gove Nicholls wrote: "One felt that she was almost a disrobed spirit, and when she coughed it was made certain that she was rapidly passing away." Virginia died in the cottages first floor bedroom on January 30, 1847. She was buried in the vault of the Valentine family on February 2. Poe died a couple of years later on October 7, 1849, while in Baltimore. At Fordham, Maria did not hear of his death until October 9, after he was already buried. Shortly thereafter, she moved out of the cottage to live with a family in Brooklyn for a time.</p><br>
<h3>The cottage is moved</h3><br>
<p>The cottages immediate use following the Poe family is uncertain; however, it was reported to be occupied by an old southern lady. after the Parks Department found it to be too expensive a proposition with rent approximately four times what Poe paid. Gill would later become Poes first American biographer.</p><br>
<p>In 1895, the New York Shakespeare Society purchased the Cottage for use as a headquarters with the promise that it would be maintained in the condition in which Poe used it. However, concerns about any move of the cottage sprung up almost immediately. An article titled "Shall We Save the Poe Cottage at Fordham" was published in The Review of Reviews in 1896, urging the New York State Legislature to act on preserving the home with endorsements from Theodore Roosevelt, Hamlin Garland, William Dean Howells, Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Henry Cabot Lodge, Horace Scudder and others.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, it was announced that $100,000 had been authorized by the state legislature for the restoration of the cottage and creation of a park in which to house the cottage after the owners were reported to be denying visitors access to the cottage. The restoration and park creation were not without complaint, and many felt the money would be better spent on other ventures and further that the cottage&#39;s authenticity would be lost if it were to be moved. The decision to move was finally made in 1910 and on November 13, 1913, Poe Cottage in Poe Park was dedicated at the corner of Kingsbridge Road and the Grand Concourse.</p><br>
<h3>Recent history</h3><br>
<p>In 1962, Poes Cottage was designated a landmark in The Bronx, and in 1966 it was recognized by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission In 1974, vandals struck again, leading to further criticism of the Cottages management and preservation efforts.</p><br>
<p>Vandalism continued to occur over the next few years, though it tapered off by the end of the following decade, becoming less of a risk due in part to the increased use of live-in caretakers. In the late 1990s, the cottage was under the care of a graduate student in philology who lived in the basement.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the proposed Visitors Center for the Cottage and Bronx Historical Society in Poe Park was honored by the New York City Art Commission&#39;s 2007 Design Awards.</p><br>
<p>Mont Forel is a mountain in King Christian IX Land, Sermersooq Municipality, Greenland. It is part of the Schweizerland range, also known as Schweizerland Alps.</p><br>
<p>This peak is located in a popular climbing destination, together with the Watkins Range to the northeast and the Stauning Alps further north.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was named in 1912 by Swiss geophysicist and Arctic explorer Alfred De Quervain after his Greenland icecap crossing from Godhavn (Qeqertarsuaq) on the west, to Sermilik Fjord on the eastern side.</p><br>
<p>Mont Forel was first climbed by a Swiss expedition of the Akademischer Alpen-Club of Zürich led by André Roch in 1938.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mont Forel is the highest peak outside of the area of the Watkins Range, where the highest mountain, Gunnbjørn Fjeld rises. It is located just north of the Arctic Circle in the Schweizerland Alps, north of Sermilik, near Ammassalik Island. Its elevation is 3,383 m and there is an ice dome at the top of the mountain. The Crown Prince Frederick Range stretches northeastwards to the northeast of Mont Forel.</p><br>
<p>The Weissensee  is a lake in the Austrian state of Carinthia within the Gailtal Alps mountain range. The highest situated Carinthian bathing lake shares its name with the municipality of Weissensee on the northern and southern shore.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The western shore of the glacial lake is located near the Kreuzberg Saddle mountain pass of the Bundesstraße road from Greifenburg to Hermagor. A smaller mountain road runs from the Drava valley via Stockenboi to the eastern end. Despite its elevation of 930 mAA (3051 ft), the lake surface can reach 24 degrees Celsius in the summer months, while in winter the water freezes over completely and allows skaters to move freely on the ice.</p><br>
<p>Due to its steep shore, the eastern part is almost uninhabited, with only a narrow path leading to the eastern end, where the area of the Stockenboi municipality reaches the lake. Here the Weißenbach creek runs down to the Drava Valley. Along the shore are banks of chalk originating from the surrounding mountains of the Southern Limestone Alps, which give the waters its characteristic colour and the Weissensee ("White Lake") its name.</p><br>
<p>About two thirds of the lake&#39;s surface are part of a protected area. Ship transport on the lake is provided by four vessels and a speed boat. Except for public transport, the operation of motor boats is prohibited. The waters of the lake reach drinking water quality. The area has much wildlife. It contains many different types of fish, especially trout, common carp, perch and northern pike. Also, there are many different birds, ranging from ducks to geese and herons.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>According to a 2001 survey, the Weissensee district had 788 inhabitants of which 97.2% had Austrian citizenship. 73.6% of those surveyed claimed to be members of the evangelical church, 22% claimed to be members of the Roman-Catholic church, and 1% were of Islamic faith. 3.4% claimed not to belong to a religious denomination.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Since 1989, in winter the lake is the site of the Dutch Alternatieve Elfstedentocht speed skating competition. Beside skating, ice stock sport and cross-country skiing around the Weissensee is quite popular. A smaller alpine skiing area is situated at the southern shore. In February 2007 the first underwater ice hockey world championship was held at the lake. In January 2011, an Austrian mountain aviator association landed about 30 small aircraft on the frozen surface.</p><br>
<p>A prominent mountain spur at the northern shore, Ronacherfels, is named after a local peasant who died in the winter of 1916 while steering a sleigh on the frozen lake. Taking a shortcut home, he sledged over a thin patch of ice, fell through and died. His body was never found. In honour of his memory, the spur and a nearby inn were named after him.</p><br>
<p>Parts of the 1987 James Bond film The Living Daylights were shot at frozen Weissensee.</p><br>
<p>Lansdowne Bank, sometimes called Landsdowne Bank, is an extensive submerged bank located between the main island of New Caledonia and the Chesterfield Islands, in the easternmost part of the Coral Sea. It covers an area of 21,000 km&sup2;, making it one of the largest banks of the world , has general depths of 60 to 80 m, and a largely sandy bottom. Two reefs mark the shallowest spots of the bank, but they are still submerged at low tide.</p><br>
<p>Fairway Ridge, also called Fairway Plateau, is a submarine feature shown on some maps in that area. The Lansdowne Bank area marked is far larger than Fairway Plateau, but there are smaller, unnamed plateaus nearby. The Lansdowne Bank area, shown at the northeastern end of Lord Howe Rise, is separated from New Caledonia by New Caledonia Basin and Fairway Basin.</p><br>
<h2>Nereus Reef</h2><br>
<p>Nereus Reef is at the northern end of Lansdowne Bank. Its given position of 20&deg;07&prime;S latitude, 160&deg;28&prime;E longitude is doubtful. Nereus Reef has the least depth of the bank, with 3.7 m. A shoal with a depth of 16 m is 14 mi west-northwest of Nereus Reef.</p><br>
<h2>Fairway Reef</h2><br>
<p>The southeastern end of Lansdowne Bank is marked by Fairway Reef, thus named from its lying in the fairway between Australia and New Caledonia, midway between the Bellona Reefs (south of the Chesterfield Islands) and New Caledonia. Fairway Reef is 3.2 km long, about 4 to 5 fathoms (7.3 to 9.1 metres) deep, of coral bottom, and located at 21&deg;00&prime;15&Prime;S latitude, 161&deg;45&prime;09&Prime;E longitude. According to some sources, Fairway Reef dries at low tide.</p><br>
<h2>Sandy Island Mystery</h2><br>
<p>Google Maps and other internet maps showed a large landmass name Sandy Island in northern Lansdowne Bank, but did not show an image for it. The non-existence of this phantom island had been proved by French missions in the 1970s, and the information passed to hydrographic services around the world, but it had remained in the World Vector Shoreline Database. In 2012 Australian scientists again proved the island does not exist.</p><br>
<p>The Arboreti di Vallombrosa  are seven arboreta located within the Forest Demaniale Vallombrosa near the historic Vallombrosa Abbey founded in 1036 by St. John Gualbert of Visdomini, heavenly patron of the Italian Forestry Corps. They are located in Vallombrosa, Reggello, Province of Florence, Tuscany, Italy, operated by the Istituto Sperimentale per la Selvicoltura, and open daily upon prior request.</p><br>
<p>The arboreta date back to 1869 at another location, or to 1884 in the current location, when 230 plants were transferred in a move of the Regio Istituto Superiore Forestale&#39;s headquarters within the Vallombrosa forest. New sections were added in 1885-1886, and in 1891 a botanical garden was created; unfortunately it was abandoned in 1914 and nothing remains today but a tub. In 1894 another section was added on the Masso del Diavolo to provide a suitable environment for Mediterranean species. Severe bombing during World War II badly damaged the arboreta, but they have since recovered.</p><br>
<p>Today the arboreta currently contain more than 5,000 specimens belonging to more than 1200 species of trees and shrubs, representing 137 genera, and claim to be Italy&#39;s most important collection of plants cultivated for scientific and experimental purposes. They encompass seven distinct arboreta organized into 50 sections. The arboreta are as follows:</p><br>
<p>Arboreto "di Bérenger" (1869, area 1.32 hectares)</p><br>
<p>Arboreto "Siemoni" (1880, area 0.34 hectares)</p><br>
<p>Arboreto "Tozzi" (1886, area 3.00 hectares)</p><br>
<p>Arboreto "Gellini" (1894, 3 hectares), on the Masso del Diablo</p><br>
<p>Arboreto "Perona" (1914, area 0.97 hectares)</p><br>
<p>Arboreto "Pavari" (1923-1958, area 2.10 hectares)</p><br>
<p>Arboreto "Allegri" (1976, 1 hectare)</p><br>
<p>Mount Kamuiekuuchikaushi is located in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaidō, Japan. It&#39;s one of the. The name is derived from Ainu languages which means "the mountain which bears/gods tumble down." Climbers generally abbreviate it as Kamueku.</p><br>
<p>It&#39;s the second highest peak only to the Mount Poroshiri in the Hidaka mountains, and its altitude is 1,979 m above sea level. The mountain is situated in the Hidaka-sanmyaku Erimo Quasi-National Park, and Triangulation station has been set up in the peak by Masaki Terunobu (正木照信) in 1900. A peak a little south east to the mountain is Pyramid peak (ピラミッド峰) which is 1,853 m above sea level shaped like a square pyramid, so that the Mount Kamuiekuuchikaushi can be the best viewing platform for the peak.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name is derived from Ainu languages which means "the mountain which bears/gods tumble down." However Ainu people who worship bears as gods are not the one who gave it the name. Originally the mountain was called Satsunai mountain (札内岳). In 1929, and others from Hokkaido University built a hut at a "place" called Kamuiekuuchikau which located upstream of as a preparation for attacking the Mount Poroshiri. At that time a guide mistakingly told them the name of place as the mountain where they were, and thus the name has been stuck.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>As the name indicates, the mountain is steep, and has cirques just like other lofty peaks in the Hidaka Mountains; containing Hachi no sawa Cirque (八ノ沢カール) in Tokachi Subprefecture side and Koiboku Cirque (コイボクカール) in Hidaka Subprefecture side. There also lie Moraines in downstream of those cirques. Those cirques in the Hidaka Mountains are smaller than ones in Hida Mountains region. The reason could be because in Ice age, around 20,000 years ago, snowfall was less when Japanese archipelago was connected to the continent by land and thus warm sea current, Tsushima Current was blocked from getting into Sea of Japan.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Rock-Christmas Lake Valley Basin is the basin of a former inland sea that existed in that region from Pliocene through late Pleistocene time.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Rock basin maar field includes over 30 hydrovolcanic landforms spread over an area of 1,500 square miles.</p><br>
<p>During the Pleistocene and early Holocene, Paleolake Fort Rock encompassed the entire basin.</p><br>
<h2>Paleolake Fort Rock</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Rock Basin is a endorheic basin. Increased moisture in this semiarid environment during the Pleistocene through increased cloud cover and cooler temperatures resulted in higher lake levels. At its maximum, the lake filled the basin up to 75 m deep (245ft), with a surface area of over 2,300 km (900 mi). While this is larger than any modern lakes in Oregon, Paleolake Fort Rock was smaller than any of the other paleolakes to the south.</p><br>
<p>There are four major shorelines of Fort Rock Basin from the paleolake. These shorelines are identified through recording wave-cut and depositional terraces, lagoons, and convex sedimentary deposits such as bars, spits, and beach ridges. The floor of the Fort Rock Basin is relatively flat at around 1,315 m (4,315 ft) throughout much of the basin, so the depths of the lake at each level were fairly consistent.</p><br>
<p>The highest shoreline at 1,384 m (4,540 ft) is best seen at Fandango Canyon, but traces of beach sediments and wave-washed scarps have also been identified at Cougar Mountain and the southern end of the Connley Hills. The lake had an average depth of 70 meters (230 feet), with a maximum depth of 76 meters (250 feet) at the eastern edge of the basin. The Connley Hills and Buchgrass Butte formed two major islands.</p><br>
<p>The next shoreline at 1,364-67 m (4,475-85 ft) is seen at only a few places in the Fort Rock Basin, such as Fandango Canyon and Cougar Mountain. This level formed the caves at the top of the southern toe of the Connley Hills. The lake was 52 meters (170 feet) deep at this level and covered an area of 1,945 km (1208 mi). The only islands exposed were the Connely Hills, Buchgrass Butte, and the Fort Rock tuff ring.</p><br>
<p>The 1,353-1356 m (4,440-4450 ft) shoreline is the most strongly developed, as it carved the notches in Fort Rock and the caves in the Connley Hills and Cougar Mountain. The lake was, on average, 38 meters (125 feet) deep and covered 1736km (1078 mi).</p><br>
<p>The lowest shoreline at 1,332 m (4,370 ft) is seen as wave-washed cliffs at Flatiron Ridge and beach ridges and bars all over the basin. The lake was relatively shallow at about 17 meters (55 feet) deep and 1323 km (511 mi). This level was almost 1000 km smaller than the lake at its high stand.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<h3>Fort Rock Cave</h3><br>
<p>Prior to the excavation of the Paisley Caves, Fort Rock Cave was the earliest evidence of human occupation in the Oregon. The cave was initially excavated by Luther Cressman in 1938 and during this summer his team discovered numerous well preserved sagebrush-bark sandals. This collection has been named the oldest-dated footwear, as the oldest sandal dates to around 10,000 years old. The cave is located approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Fort Rock near Fort Rock State Natural Area in Lake County. Fort Rock Cave was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<h3>Connley Caves</h3><br>
<p>The Connley Caves are six wave-cut notches in the Connley Hills that have been intermittently occupied from at least 11,200 BP to 3,140 BP. Volcanic ash from the Mazama eruption created a notable layer dating to 6,850 BP that was found in all the caves. The pre-Mazama archaeological deposits were rich in the bones of marshland animals, including birds such as ducks, sage-grouse, and grebes, small mammals like rabbits, gophers, and ground squirrels, and large animals such as pronghorn antelope, elk, and bison. These animals provide evidence for the previous wetland environment at the Connley Caves. Pine charcoal below the Mazama layer is an additional environmental indicator, as the tree only grows at cooler, wetter elevations. Artifacts from 11,000 BP to 7,000 BP show that the site was a popular camping spot. The assemblage consists of obsidian and fine-grain-basalt projectile points, knives, scrapers, drills, milling stones, cordage, and a variety of other items. Research is ongoing at the Connley Caves with the University of Oregon Archaeological Field School.</p><br>
<h3>Carlon and Boulder Village</h3><br>
<p>Carlon and Boulder Village are two boulder house sites in the Fort Rock Basin. Carlon Village consists of a number of stone house rings that are visible on the surface. Three test pits near the houses encountered three floors, which contained fish, rodent, rabbit, and large mammal bone were dated to 2040, 1890, and 1780 BP.</p><br>
<p>Boulder Village is the largest of the stone house sites, with 122 stone rings visible on the surface. Excavations in 17 of the houses recovered 14 radiocarbon dates, ranging from 1510 to 100 BP. The artifact assemblage included projectile points, bifaces, unifaces, obsidian flakes, and ground stone tools. Seeds were recovered from flotation and include specimens of salt sage, chenopods, and juniper.</p><br>
<h2>Moffitt Butte</h2><br>
<p>Moffitt Butte is a dissected basaltic tuff ring, 4,600 ft in diameter and 400 ft high. Moffitt Butte is not associated with a lake basin, as is the case for Fort Rock and Hole-in-the-Ground, but rising magma probably encountered permeable aquifers beneath the cone. A line of tuff rings between Moffitt Butte and the Fort Rock-Christmas Lake Valley Basin are located roughly along what would have been an early drainage route between the Fort Rock Basin and the La Pine Basin. The crater floor of Moffitt Butte is about 260 ft above the surrounding plain. A smaller vent and small tuff ring, 1,700 ft in diameter, are located on Moffitt Butte&#39;s southwestern flank. The crater of the smaller vent is filled with lava that issued from a dike on its northwest edge.</p><br>
<h2>Table Rock</h2><br>
<p>Table Rock is an erosional remnant of a tuff cone, which at present is a symmetrical cone about 5,020 ft in diameter at the base, tapering to a diameter of about 1,180 ft at a height of 1,180 ft above the surrounding plain. The cone is capped with flat-lying basalt which once filled the crater, but erosion has modified the original cone, exposing the once ponded basalt lava lake. Dikes extend north and south of the crater&#39;s lava lake. On the lower flanks of the cone, the rocks are mostly palagonite lapilli-tuff. Near the summit, the uppermost palagonites are overlain by massive cinders and bombs from fire-fountaining that preceded the filling of the crater with lava.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Vents</h2><br>
<p>The Valentine–Varian House, built in 1758 by Isaac Valentine and located in the Norwood section of the Bronx is the boroughs second oldest house and oldest remaining farmhouse. The house remained in the Varian family, which included Isaac Varian, New Yorks 63rd Mayor of New York City until 1905, when it was sold. It is currently a part of the Historic House Trust and houses the Museum of Bronx History and the offices of the Bronx County Historical Society. It is a two story, five bay fieldstone residence with a gable roof. It was moved to its present site in 1965 and restored between July 1965 and May 1968.</p><br>
<p>During the American Revolutionary War, the House was occupied by Hessian, British and American troops and survived the war despite a series of battles fought nearby. The Houses role in the Revolutionary war was documented in a book published in 1983. The house withstood significant vandalism in the 1960s when it was being converted for use into a museum. Since its conversion to a museum it has held a number of exhibits about The Bronx and the boroughs history.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This second oldest house in the Bronx was built by Isaac Valentine, a prosperous blacksmith and farmer from Yonkers in 1758. It was built out of nearby natural resources such as pine trees for interior flooring and stone for the exterior walls. During the Revolutionary War, the British captured this house in 1776 and held British troops as George Washington was stationed in the nearby Van Cortlandt house. This house then became the scene of frequent conflict between British and American troops. Isaac Valentine often encountered unwelcomed visitors since the 3rd amendment (no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner) was not established. Nevertheless, George Washington used the Valentine–Varian House as a strategic location to defeat the British. The house is situated on Gun Hill Road. The colonists used this highest point of the east end in the Bronx overlooking the Boston Post Road and gathered at the top of the hill to fire a cannon against the British who were at the bottom of the hill, hence its name. After the Revolutionary War, Isaac Valentine faced bankruptcy due to the rising inflation as the nation attempted to established an economy with their newfound independence. The Hessian fly was also a contributor to Isaac Valentine’s financial ruin where wheat crops were blighted in southeastern New York. As urbanization outpaced his farming techniques, Isaac Valentine sold his house to the wealthy Isaac Varian and his family in 1792.</p><br>
<h2>Political significance</h2><br>
<p>When the Bronx was on the verge of extinction in the 1970s and 1980s due to economic hardships, the Valentine–Varian House was too vital of a landmark to go down in ruins. This garnered the attention of president Jimmy Carter who realized the urban neglect to the Bronx was unjustly ignored, leading to increased state funding for preservation of this borough. Additionally, Isaac Varian handed down the house to his son, Isaac L. Varian, who was a democratic New York state legislature and held office as the 63rd mayor of New York City (1839–1841). Currently, along Gun Hill Road, several political leaders such as Larry Seabrook and Bronx borough president, Ruben Diaz Jr., have their office located on this landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Past to present changes</h2><br>
<p>The area was originally an agricultural based economy as colonists settled to live amongst the farmland. After the Civil War, the Great Migration occurred as several Southern blacks migrated north seeking employment. This explains the densely populated black and Hispanic population that currently resides in the borough today. It also credits the urban landscape of the borough, where delis and hair salons dominate every corner resulting from the commercialism that dominated the Bronx after the Great Migration. Currently, the house is located on 3266 Bainbridge Avenue often sticking out as a suburban house that does not coincide with the urban landscape. This is due to the house maintaining its Georgian style architecture as if it was on farmland before the Bronx underwent urbanization. When Manhattan was once a very overpopulated borough, most residents moved to the Bronx establishing their own neighborhood and transportation system which explains its modern appearance. Moving on from the surrounding area, the Valentine–Varian house itself is preserved by the City of New York Parks and Recreation while facilitated through the Bronx County Historical Society. The house was originally across the street from its current address, but apartment buildings now occupy its initial location. Within the house, it serves as a museum to illustrate Bronx history through the Revolutionary War to present day. It contains an exhibit highlighting the history of the house, a room of American presidents who contributed to the Bronx, and a display of collective items from actual American wars. There is currently no residence and although the site is a two–story house, the top floor is not for public access. It is well preserved since the original floor planning and structure is kept to maintain and respect the architecture. Outside, there is a statue of a Civil War soldier sculpted by John Grignoloa, but the statue shares no history with the Valentine–Varian House. It, however, was built alongside a river in which it fell and was found near the site. The Bronx County Historical Society restored it to its original standing and claimed ownership of the statue to display near the house. Since its presence in the Revolutionary War, the Valentine–Varian House survived over 2 centuries of change to where it currently stands today as a listed National Register of Historic Places landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Bronx River Soldier, sometimes called Bronx River Sentry statue is located on the grounds of the House.</p><br>
<p>Isleworth Ait, also Isleworth Eyot, is a 3.5 hectare teardrop shaped island in the River Thames in England. It is on the Tideway near Isleworth in the London Borough of Hounslow, and is one of the longest aits. The island lies offshore from Heron&#39;s Place, and is opposite a number of commercial buildings.</p><br>
<p>Isleworth Ait is covered by densely packed trees, and provides a sanctuary for a variety of wildlife. It floods regularly, but is home to more than 57 species of bird life, including the tree-creeper, kingfisher and heron. Two rare species of air-breathing land gastropods also live on the island, the two-lipped door snail Balea biplicata and the German hairy snail Pseudotrichia rubiginosa, as well as several rare species of beetles. This variety of unusual wildlife makes the island one of the London Wildlife Trust&#39;s most remarkable reserves. It is a Local Nature Reserve and part of The River Thames and tidal tributaries Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation.</p><br>
<p>Isleworth Ait was once a centre for the production of osier - a willow which used to be harvested on the island to weave baskets to carry fruit and vegetables grown in Middlesex to the markets in London. There used to be five neighbouring islands, but these have all disappeared over the centuries, some being destroyed by passing boat traffic. The River Crane flows into the Thames to the south of Isleworth Ait and the Duke of Northumberland&#39;s River at the northern end.</p><br>
<p>Thames Water owns the island, which houses the outfall from the nearby Mogden Sewage Treatment Works, returning treated water to the river Thames. The Metropolitan Water Board bought the island from the Duke of Northumberland in the 1930s. The Ait is looked after by a team of volunteers who are part of the Hounslow branch of the London Wildlife Trust.</p><br>
<p>The War Memorial, also known as the Russell A. Alger Jr. House and as the Moorings was dedicated to the memory of veterans and soldiers of World War II. It is located at 32 Lake Shore Drive in Grosse Pointe Farms, MI.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Russell A. Alger senior was a Civil War general and lumberman from Michigan. He served as the Governor of Michigan, a United States Senator from Michigan, and United States Secretary of War under William McKinley. His eldest son, Russell A. Alger Jr., was born in 1873. The Junior Alger was the executor of his father&#39;s large estate, one of the founders of the Packard Motor Car Company in 1903, and an early investor in the Wright Company in 1909.</p><br>
<p>In 1896, Alger married Marion Jarvis. In 1910, the couple commissioned Charles Adam Platt to design this house. The Algers and their three children moved in in 1910, and Russell Alger lived here until his death in 1930. Marion Alger moved out a few years later, and the house was donated to the Detroit Institute of Arts in 1936. In 1948 the house was returned to the Alger family. In 1949, the Alger family donated the house to the Grosse Pointe War Memorial Association.</p><br>
<p>The Alger House is the original building, and is now recognized as a Michigan State Historic Site and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1962 the first addition, the Fries Auditorium and Crystal Ballroom, was dedicated, and in 1993 the Center for Arts and Communications was added.</p><br>
<p>Today the War Memorial also serves as a community center for the Grosse Pointe Communities and hosts several different kinds of programs and events, including concerts, holiday celebrations, drivers education, obedience school for dogs, and social dances for middle school-age children. The War Memorial also broadcasts WMTV 5, Grosse Pointe&#39;s local, twenty-four-hour television station. It is also possible to rent rooms for special events or banquets.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Russell A. Alger Jr. House is an Italian Renaissance Revival style mansion situated on one of the highest locations along the shoreline of Lake St. Clair. Major room orientations take advantage of the lake view. The house is symmetric, hipped roof rectangular structure, clad with stucco, having two stories facing the street and three facing the lake. The street facade has a central entrance pavilion decorated with rusticated stone with a small balcony above. The second floor window above the balcony is elaborately detailed.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the entry foyer is dressed in marble, and a monumental stone staircase leads to the second floor. Inside is the reception hall, with a herringbone pattern wood floor, concrete ceiling beams simulating wood and a large stone fireplace. The main floor also contains a library and formal dining room, both with French doors overlooking the lake. The upper level contains a master suite built for the Algers, with two bedrooms, two bathrooms, and a connecting sitting room. There are four more bedrooms: one each for the Alger&#39;s three children, and a guest bedroom. The lower level of the house contains a den, a billiard room, and a large plant room. Doors lead out onto the terrace toward the lake.</p><br>
<p>The house and associated landscaping are in original condition. An auditorium, designed to compliment the house, was added in 1962. An art wing was added on the street side in 1977 and another wing added in 1993.</p><br>
